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urlparse module is based upon the following RFC specifications.
RFC 3986 (STD66): "Uniform Resource Identifiers" by T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding
and L. Masinter, January 2005.
RFC 2732 : "Format for Literal IPv6 Addresses in URL's by R.Hinden, B.Carpenter
and L.Masinter, December 1999.
RFC 2396: "Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI)": Generic Syntax by T.
Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, and L. Masinter, August 1998.
RFC 2368: "The mailto URL scheme", by P.Hoffman , L Masinter, J. Zawinski, July 1998.
RFC 1808: "Relative Uniform Resource Locators", by R. Fielding, UC Irvine, June
1995.
RFC 1738: "Uniform Resource Locators (URL)" by T. Berners-Lee, L. Masinter, M.
McCahill, December 1994
RFC 3986 is considered the current standard and any future changes to
urlparse module should conform with it. The urlparse module is
currently not entirely compliant with this RFC due to defacto
scenarios for parsing, and for backward compatibility purposes, some
parsing quirks from older RFCs are retained. The testcases in
test_urlparse.py provides a good indicator of parsing behavior.
The WHATWG URL Parser spec should also be considered. We are not compliant with
it either due to existing user code API behavior expectations (Hyrum's Law).
It serves as a useful guide when making changes.
)
namedtupleN)urlparse
urlunparseurljoin urldefragurlsplit
urlunsplit urlencodeparse_qs parse_qslquote
quote_plusquote_from_bytesunquote unquote_plusunquote_to_bytes DefragResult ParseResult SplitResultDefragResultBytesParseResultBytesSplitResultBytes) ftphttpgophernntpimapwaisfilehttpsshttpmmsprosperortsprtspsrtspusftpsvnsvn+sshwswss)r r r r r telnetr r r r# r! r" snewsr$ r% r& r' rsyncr) r* r( nfsgitzgit+sshr+ r, z
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uh 1 11r? c & \ rS rSrSrSrSS jrSrg)_ResultMixinStr z>Standard approach to encoding parsed results from str to bytesr> c : ^^ U R " UU4S jU 5 6 $ )Nc 3 F ># U H oR TT5 v M g 7frE rI rR s r@ rU )_ResultMixinStr.encode.. *Tt!88Hf+E+Et !)_encoded_counterpartselfrK rL s ``r@ rJ _ResultMixinStr.encode ((*Tt*TUUr? NrB rC )__name__
__module__ __qualname____firstlineno____doc__ __slots__rJ __static_attributes__r> r? r@ rc rc HIVr? rc c & \ rS rSrSrSrSS jrSrg)_ResultMixinBytes z>Standard approach to decoding parsed results from bytes to strr> c : ^^ U R " UU4S jU 5 6 $ )Nc 3 F ># U H oR TT5 v M g 7frE rP rR s r@ rU +_ResultMixinBytes.decode.. rh ri )_decoded_counterpartrk s ``r@ rQ _ResultMixinBytes.decode rn r? Nro )rp rq rr rs rt ru rQ rv r> r? r@ ry ry rw r? ry c \ rS rSrSrSr\S 5 r\S 5 r\S 5 r \S 5 r
\ " \ R 5 rSrg) _NetlocResultMixinBase zHShared methods for the parsed result objects containing a netloc elementr> c U R S $ )Nr _userinforl s r@ username _NetlocResultMixinBase.username ~~a r? c U R S $ )Nr[ r r s r@ password _NetlocResultMixinBase.password r r? c U R S nU( d g [ U[ 5 ( a SOSnUR U5 u pnUR 5 U- U- $ )Nr % %) _hostinfor\ r] partitionlower)rl hostname separatorpercentzones r@ r _NetlocResultMixinBase.hostname sW >>!$ &h44C$ "*"4"4Y"? 4~~ ')D00r? c U R S nUb_ UR 5 ( a! UR 5 ( a [ U5 nO[ SU< 35 eSUs=:: a S:: d
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" " r? r c 8 \ rS rSrSr\S 5 r\S 5 rSrg)_NetlocResultMixinBytes r> c U R nUR S5 u p#nU( a UR S5 u pVnU( d S nXW4$ S =pWXW4$ )N @ :r r s r@ r !_NetlocResultMixinBytes._userinfo s^ (.(9(9$(?%X 080B0B40H -HX !! #' &H!!r? c
U R nUR S5 u p#UR S5 u p$nU( a) UR S5 u pbnUR S5 u p'OUR S5 u pbnU( d S nXg4$ )Nr [ ]r r r s r@ r !_NetlocResultMixinBytes._hostinfo s **401%-%7%7%=" ) 3 3D 9 H -JAq$ ( 2 24 8 HD~ r? Nr r> r? r@ r r r r? r r z url fragmentr z!scheme netloc path query fragmentr z(scheme netloc path params query fragmentz
DefragResult(url, fragment)
A 2-tuple that contains the url without fragment identifier and the fragment
identifier as a separate argument.
z$The URL with no fragment identifier.z
Fragment identifier separated from URL, that allows indirect identification of a
secondary resource by reference to a primary resource and additional identifying
information.
z
SplitResult(scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment)
A 5-tuple that contains the different components of a URL. Similar to
ParseResult, but does not split params.
z%Specifies URL scheme for the request.z0
Network location where the request is made to.
z@
The hierarchical path, such as the path to a file to download.
z
The query component, that contains non-hierarchical data, that along with data
in path component, identifies a resource in the scope of URI's scheme and
network location.
z
Fragment identifier, that allows indirect identification of a secondary resource
by reference to a primary resource and additional identifying information.
zq
ParseResult(scheme, netloc, path, params, query, fragment)
A 6-tuple that contains components of a parsed URL.
z
Parameters for last path element used to dereference the URI in order to provide
access to perform some operation on the resource.
c \ rS rSrSrS rSrg)r iC r> c t U R ( a U R S- U R - $ U R $ )N#fragmenturlr s r@ geturlDefragResult.geturlE s) ==88c>DMM1 188Or? Nrp rq rr rs ru r rv r> r? r@ r r C I r? c \ rS rSrSrS rSrg)r iK r> c [ U 5 $ rE r r s r@ r SplitResult.geturlM
$ r? Nr r> r? r@ r r K I r? c \ rS rSrSrS rSrg)r iP r> c [ U 5 $ rE r r s r@ r ParseResult.geturlR r r? Nr r> r? r@ r r P r r? c \ rS rSrSrS rSrg)r iV r> c t U R ( a U R S- U R - $ U R $ )N #r r s r@ r DefragResultBytes.geturlX s) ==88d?T]]2 288Or? Nr r> r? r@ r r V r r? r c \ rS rSrSrS rSrg)r i^ r> c [ U 5 $ rE r r s r@ r SplitResultBytes.geturl` r r? Nr r> r? r@ r r ^ r r? r c \ rS rSrSrS rSrg)r ic r> c [ U 5 $ rE r r s r@ r ParseResultBytes.geturle r r? Nr r> r? r@ r r c r r? r c x [ [ 4[ [ 4[ [
44n U H u pX!l Xl M g rE )r r r r r r rj r~ )
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,(0%(0% ,r? r Tc [ X5 u pn[ XU5 nUu ppnU[ ; a SU ; a [ U 5 u pOSn[ XXXg5 n U" U 5 $ )a Parse a URL into 6 components:
:///;?#
The result is a named 6-tuple with fields corresponding to the
above. It is either a ParseResult or ParseResultBytes object,
depending on the type of the url parameter.
The username, password, hostname, and port sub-components of netloc
can also be accessed as attributes of the returned object.
The scheme argument provides the default value of the scheme
component when no scheme is found in url.
If allow_fragments is False, no attempt is made to separate the
fragment component from the previous component, which can be either
path or query.
Note that % escapes are not expanded.
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HHSM r7C!I r? c [ U 5 nS H' nU R X15 nUS: d M [ X$5 nM) XU XS 4$ )Nz/?#r )lenr min)r startdelimcwdelims r@ _splitnetlocr sJ HE
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startswith_check_bracketed_host)r hostname_and_portbefore_bracketr r r r r s r@ _check_bracketed_netlocr s ))#.q1.?.I.I#.N+N) /0 0 % / / 4T ,, /0 0 - 7 7 <T(#r? c U R S5 ( a( [ R " SU 5 ( d [ S5 eg [ R
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5 eSU; a S U; a [ U5 U( a S U ; a U R S S5 u pS U ; a U R S S5 u p[! U5 [# XXU5 n
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a Parse a URL into 5 components:
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above. It is either a SplitResult or SplitResultBytes object,
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can also be accessed as attributes of the returned object.
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path or query.
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//r r r r r )ra lstrip_WHATWG_C0_CONTROL_OR_SPACEstrip_UNSAFE_URL_BYTES_TO_REMOVEr boolr r isalpha scheme_charsr r r r splitr r ) r r r r br r r r r r s r@ r r s , #/s"; C **0
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FC9A ! r? c d [ U 6 u pp4pVnU( a U< SU< 3nU" [ XX5U45 5 $ )zPut a parsed URL back together again. This may result in a
slightly different, but equivalent URL, if the URL that was parsed
originally had redundant delimiters, e.g. a ? with an empty query
(the draft states that these are equivalent).r )ra r )
componentsr r r r r r r s r@ r r
s> 3?
2K AFC.
f% *fc(%KL MMr? c 8 [ U 6 u pp4pVU( a U( a USS S:w a SU- nSU- U- nO5USS S:X a SU- nO&U( a U[ ; a U( a USS S:X a SU- nU( a US- U- nU( a US- U- nU( a US- U- nU" U5 $ ) a[ Combine the elements of a tuple as returned by urlsplit() into a
complete URL as a string. The data argument can be any five-item iterable.
This may result in a slightly different, but equivalent URL, if the URL that
was parsed originally had unnecessary delimiters (for example, a ? with an
empty query; the RFC states that these are equivalent).Nr[ r r r
r r r )ra uses_netloc)r) r r r r r r s r@ r r s +7
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SUSS 5 USS& / nU H5 nUS:X a UR 5 M US:X a M$ UR U5 M7 US S; a UR S5 U" [ XSR U5 =( d SXU45 5 $ ! [ a M f = f) z]Join a base URL and a possibly relative URL to form an absolute
interpretation of the latter.r r Nr[ ...)r/ r. ) ra r
uses_relativer+ r r& filterpop
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F! F!c [ U 5 u pSU ; a [ U 5 u p#pEpg[ X#XEUS45 nOSnU nU" [ X5 5 $ )zRemoves any existing fragment from URL.
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the URL contained no fragments, the second element is the
empty string.
r r )ra r r r ) r r sr paqfragdefrags r@ r r t sU 's+C
cz &smaAQ1B /0 ,v4 55r? 0123456789ABCDEFabcdefc * [ [ U 5 5 $ )z,unquote_to_bytes('abc%20def') -> b'abc def'.)bytes
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XU5 5 $ )az Replace %xx escapes by their single-character equivalent. The optional
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sequences are replaced by a placeholder character.
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qs: percent-encoded query string to be parsed
keep_blank_values: flag indicating whether blank values in
percent-encoded queries should be treated as blank strings.
A true value indicates that blanks should be retained as
blank strings. The default false value indicates that
blank values are to be ignored and treated as if they were
not included.
strict_parsing: flag indicating what to do with parsing errors.
If false (the default), errors are silently ignored.
If true, errors raise a ValueError exception.
encoding and errors: specify how to decode percent-encoded sequences
into Unicode characters, as accepted by the bytes.decode() method.
max_num_fields: int. If set, then throws a ValueError if there
are more than n fields read by parse_qsl().
separator: str. The symbol to use for separating the query arguments.
Defaults to &.
Returns a dictionary.
)rK rL max_num_fieldsr )r r4 ) qskeep_blank_valuesstrict_parsingrK rL re r
parsed_resultpairsnamevalues r@ r r sU < M b^ '%3
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a Parse a query given as a string argument.
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percent-encoded queries should be treated as blank strings.
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strings. The default false value indicates that blank values
are to be ignored and treated as if they were not included.
strict_parsing: flag indicating what to do with parsing errors. If
false (the default), errors are silently ignored. If true,
errors raise a ValueError exception.
encoding and errors: specify how to decode percent-encoded sequences
into Unicode characters, as accepted by the bytes.decode() method.
max_num_fields: int. If set, then throws a ValueError
if there are more than n fields read by parse_qsl().
separator: str. The symbol to use for separating the query arguments.
Defaults to &.
Returns a list, as G-d intended.
z*Separator must be of type string or bytes.rB =c > [ U TTS9$ )N)rK rL )r )rC rK rL s r@ _unquoteparse_qsl.._unquote s HVD Dr? =c 8 [ U R SS5 5 $ )N + )r r )rC s r@ rp rq $ s #AIIdD$9: :r? r[ z Max number of fields exceededzbad query field: ) r\ r] rK r
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Hr? c > U R SS5 n [ XU5 $ )zLike unquote(), but also replace plus signs by spaces, as required for
unquoting HTML form values.
unquote_plus('%7e/abc+def') -> '~/abc def'
+ )r r rc s r@ r r > s! ^^C
%F 6V ,,r? sB ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_.-~c | U S:X a [ R " S[ SS9 [ $ [ S[
< SU < 35 e)NQuoterzoDeprecated in 3.11. urllib.parse.Quoter will be removed in Python 3.14. It was not intended to be a public API.r
stacklevelzmodule z has no attribute )warningswarnDeprecationWarning_QuoterAttributeErrorrp )rk s r@ __getattr__r M sC x
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JJr? c * \ rS rSrSrS rS rS rSrg)r iV zA mapping from bytes numbers (in range(0,256)) to strings.
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c 8 [ R U5 U l g)zsafe: bytes object.N) _ALWAYS_SAFEunionsafe)rl r s r@ __init___Quoter.__init__^ s &&t, r? c " S[ U 5 < S3$ )Nz)dictr s r@ __repr___Quoter.__repr__b s $t* q))r? c d XR ; a [ U5 OSR U5 nX U' U$ )Nz%{:02X})r chrformat)rl r' rX s r@ __missing___Quoter.__missing__e s, YYc!fI,<, r? r@ r r V s -*r? r c [ U [ 5 ( a% U ( d U $ Uc SnUc SnU R X#5 n O Ub [ S5 eUb [ S5 e[ X5 $ )a% quote('abc def') -> 'abc%20def'
Each part of a URL, e.g. the path info, the query, etc., has a
different set of reserved characters that must be quoted. The
quote function offers a cautious (not minimal) way to quote a
string for most of these parts.
RFC 3986 Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax lists
the following (un)reserved characters.
unreserved = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
reserved = gen-delims / sub-delims
gen-delims = ":" / "/" / "?" / "#" / "[" / "]" / "@"
sub-delims = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
/ "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="
Each of the reserved characters is reserved in some component of a URL,
but not necessarily in all of them.
The quote function %-escapes all characters that are neither in the
unreserved chars ("always safe") nor the additional chars set via the
safe arg.
The default for the safe arg is '/'. The character is reserved, but in
typical usage the quote function is being called on a path where the
existing slash characters are to be preserved.
Python 3.7 updates from using RFC 2396 to RFC 3986 to quote URL strings.
Now, "~" is included in the set of unreserved characters.
string and safe may be either str or bytes objects. encoding and errors
must not be specified if string is a bytes object.
The optional encoding and errors parameters specify how to deal with
non-ASCII characters, as accepted by the str.encode method.
By default, encoding='utf-8' (characters are encoded with UTF-8), and
errors='strict' (unsupported characters raise a UnicodeEncodeError).
rP rC z,quote() doesn't support 'encoding' for bytesz*quote() doesn't support 'errors' for bytes)r\ r] rJ r^ r )rM r rK rL s r@ r
r
k sl N &# M H > F x0 JK K HI I F ))r? c [ U [ 5 ( a SU ; d [ U [ 5 ( a SU ; a [ XX#5 $ [ U[ 5 ( a SnOSn[ XU- X#5 n U R SS5 $ )zLike quote(), but also replace ' ' with '+', as required for quoting
HTML form values. Plus signs in the original string are escaped unless
they are included in safe. It also does not have safe default to '/'.
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not perform string-to-bytes encoding. It always returns an ASCII string.
quote_from_bytes(b'abc def?') -> 'abc%20def%3f'
z!quote_from_bytes() expected bytesr rB ignore i@
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F797a ''#fZ<&89:7 9wwv 29s D=-D=)Ec [ U S5 ( a U R 5 n O/ [ U 5 ( a [ U S [ 5 ( d [
e/ nU( d U H~ u p[ U[ 5 ( a U" X5 nOU" [ U5 X#U5 n[ U [ 5 ( a U" X5 n OU" [ U 5 X#U5 n UR US- U - 5 M GOU GH u p[ U[ 5 ( a U" X5 nOU" [ U5 X#U5 n[ U [ 5 ( a! U" X5 n UR US- U - 5 Mm [ U [ 5 ( a" U" XX45 n UR US- U - 5 M [ U 5 n
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a n[ S5 UeSnAff = f! [
a/ U" [ U 5 X#U5 n UR US- U - 5 GMm f = f)a: Encode a dict or sequence of two-element tuples into a URL query string.
If any values in the query arg are sequences and doseq is true, each
sequence element is converted to a separate parameter.
If the query arg is a sequence of two-element tuples, the order of the
parameters in the output will match the order of parameters in the
input.
The components of a query arg may each be either a string or a bytes type.
The safe, encoding, and errors parameters are passed down to the function
specified by quote_via (encoding and errors only if a component is a str).
itemsr z1not a valid non-string sequence or mapping objectNrn &)
hasattrr r r\ rW r^ rK r] r4 r5 ) r doseqr rK rL quote_viaerrlkr rT elts r@ r
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HHQWq[ ! DA!U## a& c!fdf=!U## a&S1%As## ax8S1%0AA !%c511"+C"6C"+CHdf"MCS3 / !- 8 88A;] : 0 169
: :D ! *!#a&$&AAHHQWq[))*s) .G: H:
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r )r r r _to_bytesr s r@ to_bytesr " s MMC$4 S>r? c [ U [ 5 ( a" U R S5 R 5 n U $ U $ ! [ a [ S[ U 5 - S- 5 ef = f)zto_bytes(u"URL") --> 'URL'.ASCIIzURL z contains non-ASCII characters)r\ r] rJ rQ UnicodeErrorreprr s r@ r r ( so
#s A**W%,,.C J3J A vS 1 ? @ A
A As : %A c [ U 5 R 5 n U SS S:X a U SS S:X a U SS R 5 n U SS S:X a U SS R 5 n U $ )zTransform a string like '' into 'scheme://host/path'.
The string is returned unchanged if it's not a wrapped URL.
Nr[ 'type', 'opaquestring'.Nz
([^/:]+):(.*)) _typeprogr compileDOTALLr groupsr )r r r datas r@ r r K sW JJ : OOC E ||~ ||~t## 9r? c L [ R " S[ SS9 [ U 5 $ )NzUurllib.parse.splithost() is deprecated as of 3.8, use urllib.parse.urlparse() insteadr
r )r r r
_splithostr s r@ splithostr X r r? c [ c% [ R " S[ R 5 q [ R U 5 nU( a* UR 5 u p#U( a US S:w a SU- nX#4$ SU 4$ )z;splithost('//host[:port]/path') --> 'host[:port]', '/path'.Nz//([^/#?]*)(.*)r r ) _hostprogr r r r r )r r host_portr= s r@ r r ` se JJ 0"))< OOC E ,,. DGsN:D 9r? c L [ R " S[ SS9 [ U 5 $ )NzUurllib.parse.splituser() is deprecated as of 3.8, use urllib.parse.urlparse() insteadr
r )r r r
_splituserhosts r@ splituserr o % MM 8$4 d r? c F U R S5 u pn U( a X4$ SU 4$ )zJsplituser('user[:passwd]@host[:port]') --> 'user[:passwd]', 'host[:port]'.r Nr )r userr s r@ r r v s* ,DD **td **r? c L [ R " S[ SS9 [ U 5 $ )NzWurllib.parse.splitpasswd() is deprecated as of 3.8, use urllib.parse.urlparse() insteadr
r )r r r _splitpasswd)r s r@ splitpasswdr | s% MM 8$4 r? c D U R S5 u pnX( a U4$ S4$ )z/splitpasswd('user:passwd') -> 'user', 'passwd'.r Nr )r r passwds r@ r r s* ..-D E& ,,t ,,r? c L [ R " S[ SS9 [ U 5 $ )NzUurllib.parse.splitport() is deprecated as of 3.8, use urllib.parse.urlparse() insteadr
r )r r r
_splitportr s r@ splitportr r r? c [ c% [ R " S[ R 5 q [ R U 5 nU( a UR 5 u pU( a X4$ U S4$ )z*splitport('host:port') --> 'host', 'port'.Nz
(.*):([0-9]*)) _portprogr r r fullmatchr )r r r s r@ r r sS JJ : %E \\^
: :r? c L [ R " S[ SS9 [ X5 $ )NzVurllib.parse.splitnport() is deprecated as of 3.8, use urllib.parse.urlparse() insteadr
r )r r r _splitnport)r defports r@
splitnportr s% MM 8$4 t %%r? c U R S5 u pnU( d Un X4$ U( a= UR 5 ( a# UR 5 ( a [ U5 nX4$ SnX4$ X4$ )zSplit host and port, returning numeric port.
Return given default port if no ':' found; defaults to -1.
Return numerical port if a valid number is found after ':'.
Return None if ':' but not a valid number.r N)r r r r )r r r r nports r@ r r sm
,D =
<<>>dllnnIE { E{ =r? c L [ R " S[ SS9 [ U 5 $ )NzVurllib.parse.splitquery() is deprecated as of 3.8, use urllib.parse.urlparse() insteadr
r )r r r _splitqueryr s r@
splitqueryr s% MM 8$4 s r? c F U R S5 u pnU( a X4$ U S4$ )z/splitquery('/path?query') --> '/path', 'query'.r Nr )r r= r r s r@ r r s* ,D { 9r? c L [ R " S[ SS9 [ U 5 $ )NzTurllib.parse.splittag() is deprecated as of 3.8, use urllib.parse.urlparse() insteadr
r )r r r _splittagr s r@ splittagr s$ MM 8$4 S>r? c F U R S5 u pnU( a X4$ U S4$ )z)splittag('/path#tag') --> '/path', 'tag'.r Nr )r r= r tags r@ r r s* ~~c*D y 9r? c L [ R " S[ SS9 [ U 5 $ )NzUurllib.parse.splitattr() is deprecated as of 3.8, use urllib.parse.urlparse() insteadr
r )r r r
_splitattrr s r@ splitattrr r r? c 8 U R S5 nUS USS 4$ )zcsplitattr('/path;attr1=value1;attr2=value2;...') ->
'/path', ['attr1=value1', 'attr2=value2', ...].r r r[ N)r& )r wordss r@ r r s&
IIcNE 8U12Y r? c L [ R " S[ SS9 [ U 5 $ )NzWurllib.parse.splitvalue() is deprecated as of 3.8, use urllib.parse.parse_qsl() insteadr
r )r r r _splitvalue)attrs r@
splitvaluer s% MM 9$4 t r? c D U R S5 u pnX( a U4$ S4$ )z-splitvalue('attr=value') --> 'attr', 'value'.rn Nr )r r rl s r@ r r s* ,D 5% ++d ++r? )r T)r )T)rP r )FFrP r Nr )r NN)r NN)r )r- )qrt collectionsr functoolsr r r r r __all__r0 r+ r non_hierarchical
uses_query
uses_fragmentr% r r" rA _implicit_encoding_implicit_errorsrG rM rY ra objectrc ry r r r _DefragResultBase_SplitResultBase_ParseResultBaser r r r r= r r
ResultBaser r r r r r r r r r r r r lru_cacher r r r r rT rS r rK rQ r] rL r r[ ra r r r r frozensetr r r r r r
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